What is a Ganglion Cyst?

A ganglion cyst is a noncancerous lump or mass that most commonly develops along the tendons or joints of the wrists or hands. However, they can also occur in other areas, such as the ankles or feet.

Ganglion cysts are fluid-filled sacs that arise from the synovial fluid, which lubricates joints and tendons. Ganglion cysts are the most common mass or lump in the hand. They are not cancerous and, in most cases, are harmless.

They occur in many locations, but most often develop on the back of the wrist.  The exact cause of ganglion cysts is not always clear, but they are thought to develop when the synovial fluid leaks out of the joint or tendon and forms a cyst. Trauma, repetitive stress, or joint or tendon irritation may contribute to their formation. Again, a ganglion cyst is a noncancerous lump filled with fluid.
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What are the Symptoms of a Ganglion Cyst?

It's important to note that some ganglion cysts may be asymptomatic, causing no pain or functional impairment.

Symptoms and characteristics of ganglion cysts include:

Appearance of a Ganglion Cyst

The most apparent sign of a ganglion cyst is a visible or palpable lump. This lump is usually round or oval-shaped and may be soft or firm to the touch. They are filled with a thick, gelatinous fluid.

Location of Ganglion Cysts

Ganglion cysts often develop near joints or tendons. 

Common sites include 

  • Wrist
  • Fingers
  • Hands
  • Ankles. 

However, they can occur in other areas as well.

Size of Ganglion Cysts

The size of ganglion cysts can vary. They may range from pea-sized to larger than an inch in diameter. Ganglion cysts can change in size over time. They may become larger or smaller, and they may even disappear spontaneously, only to reappear later.

Does a Ganglion Cyst Hurt?

Ganglion cysts are generally nonpainful, but they may cause discomfort or pain if they press on nearby nerves or if they interfere with joint movement. Changes with Activity: Symptoms may change with certain activities. The cyst may become more noticeable or cause more discomfort during activities that involve repetitive movements or stress on the affected joint.

Where Do Ganglion Cysts Occur?

Ganglion cysts are the most common mass or lump in the hand. They are not cancerous and, in most cases, are harmless. They occur in many locations, but most often develop on the back of the wrist as opposed to the fingers or thumbs, and palms of the hand.
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How Do You Treat a Ganglion Cyst?

Observation

For ganglion cyst treatment, a doctor may recommend simply monitoring the cyst, especially if it's not causing pain or limiting movement. However, there are several treatment plans that may help.

Aspiration

The fluid can be aspirated (drawn out) from the cyst with a needle. However, recurrence is common with this method.

Corticosteroid Injections

Injections of corticosteroids into the cyst may help reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms.

Immobilization

Immobilizing the affected joint with a brace or splint may be advised to reduce irritation and promote healing.

Surgery

If conservative measures are not effective, or if the cyst is causing significant pain or limiting function, surgical removal may be considered. However, recurrence is still possible even after surgical removal.

Hand Therapy

Hand therapy is a specialized area of rehabilitation that focuses on the evaluation and treatment of conditions affecting the hands, wrists, and arms.

Post-Surgery Treatment of a Ganglion Cyst

Hand therapy is a specialized area of rehabilitation that focuses on the evaluation and treatment of conditions affecting the hands, wrists, and arms. It is typically provided by physical therapists who have received additional training and certification in hand therapy and occupational therapists. 

The goal of hand therapy is to improve the function, mobility, and strength of the hand and arm, allowing individuals to perform daily activities and tasks with greater ease. 

Here are some general hand therapy approaches that may be recommended:

Immobilization: Your doctor may suggest wearing a splint or brace to immobilize the affected hand or wrist while working, at home, or in the community. This can help reduce movement in the joint and alleviate pain.

Heat and Ice Therapy: Alternating between heat and ice applications can help manage pain and reduce inflammation. Heat can improve blood circulation, while ice can help numb the area and reduce swelling (during hand therapy session and at home).

Range of Motion Exercises: Gentle exercises to maintain or improve the range of motion in the affected joint may be beneficial. These exercises should be done under the guidance of a 

Strengthening Exercises: Strengthening the muscles around the affected joint can help provide better support and stability. Again, it's essential to perform these exercises under the supervision of a qualified therapist or for a home program

Massage: Soft tissue massage around the cyst may help reduce tension and improve circulation. However, it's crucial to avoid direct pressure on the cyst itself (massage techniques can be done at sessions and self-massage techniques are prescribed also).

Remember, these are general suggestions, and the effectiveness of hand therapy for a ganglion cyst can vary from person to person.